HUMAN BRAIN ORGANOIDS ASSEMBLE FUNCTIONALLY INTEGRATED BILATERAL OPTIX VESICLES

During embryogenesis, optic vesicles develop from the diencephalon via a multistep process of organogenesis. Using induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived human brain organoids, this study attempted to simplify the complexities and demonstrate formation of forebrain-associated bilateral optic vesicles, cellular diversity, and functionality. These optic vesicle-containing brain organoids (OVB-organoids) constitute a developing optic vesicle’s cellular components, including primitive corneal epithelial and lens-like cells, retinal pigment epithelia, retinal progenitor cells, axon-like projections, and electrically active neuronal networks.

Please read the article for more details about it👇

STEM CELL NEWS: From the Crick and UCL

TDP-43 and FUS mislocalization in VCP mutant motor neurons is reversed by pharmacological inhibition of the VCP D2 ATPase domain.

RNA binding proteins have been shown to play a key role in the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). However, the mechanism by which mutations in VCP lead to this mislocalization of RBPs remains incompletely resolved. To address this, this study used human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived motor neurons carrying VCP mutations.

Please read the article for more details and the fascinating results found👇

Investigational Magnetic Device Shrinks Glioblastoma in first-in-world Human Test

Researchers from the department of neurosurgery shrunk a deadly glioblastoma tumor by more than a third using a helmet generating a noninvasive oscillating magnetic field that the patient wore on his head while administering the therapy in his own home. 31% of the tumor mass disappeared. The autopsy of his brain confirmed the rapid response to the treatment.

Please read the article for more details about it 👇

World Book Day: in Neuroscience

This Thursday, 23rd of April, we celebrated World Book Day, an annual event organised by UNESCO to promote reading, publishing, and copyright.

Why not make it World NeuroBook Day?

Here we provide you some of the well known and most acclaimed neuroscience-related popular books (from GoodReads’ “Best Neuroscience Books in 2019”) :

  • “The Man Who Mistook his Wife for a Hat” by Oliver Sacks £8.99

A 1985 book by neurologist Oliver Sacks describing the case histories of some of his patients, such as “Dr. P” (as Sacks calls him) who has visual agnosia, a neurological condition characterised by the inability to recognise even familiar faces and objects. The book is divided into 4 sections: Losses, Excesses, Transports, and The World of the Simple.

BUY IT (Waterstones): The Man Who Mistook His Wife for a Hat by Oliver Sacks, Will Self

  • The Brain that Changes itself” by Norman Doidge £10.99

A book on neuroplasticity by psychiatrist and psychoanalyst Norman Doidge.

Norman Doidge traveled through the United States to write about both the scientists investigating neuroplasticity, its healing powers and effects, and the people who have directly benefited from it —”people whose mental limitations, brain damage or brain trauma were seen as unalterable.” 

BUY IT (Waterstones): The Brain That Changes Itself by Norman Doidge

  • “Phantoms in the Brain” by V.S. Ramachandran and Sandra Blakeslee    £10.99

A 1998 popular science book by neuroscientist V.S. Ramachandran and New York Times science writer Sandra Blakeslee, discussing neurophysiology and neuropsychology as revealed by case studies of neurological disorders. Ramachandran discusses his work with patients exhibiting phantom limbs, the Capgras delusion, pseudobulbar affect and hemispatial neglect following stroke, and religious experiences associated with epileptic seizure...

BUY IT (Waterstones): Phantoms in the Brain by VS Ramachandran, Sandra Blakeslee

  • “The Tell-Tale Brain: a neuroscientist’s quest for what makes us human” by V.S. Ramachandran £8.99

A 2010 nonfiction book that explores, from a neurological viewpoint, the uniqueness of human nature. Ramachandran discusses seven main concepts which define the human aspect of self and how each may be disrupted by a specific neurological disorder. The concepts are unity, continuity, embodiment, privacy, social embedding, free-will, and self-awareness.

BUY IT (Waterstones): The Tell-Tale Brain by VS Ramachandran

  • “Incognito: the secret lives of the brain” by David Eagleman £9.99

If the conscious mind—the part you consider you—accounts for only a tiny fraction of the brain’s function, what is the rest of your brain doing? This is the question that David Eagleman—renowned neuroscientist and acclaimed author of Sum—tries answering in this evidence-based book written in 2011.

BUY IT (Waterstones): Incognito by David Eagleman

  • “Musicophilia: Tales of Music and the Brain” by Oliver Sacks £10.99

A book written in 2007 in which neurologist Oliver Sacks explores a range of psychological and physiological ailments and their intriguing connections to music. It is broken down into four sections: Haunted by Music examines mysterious onsets of musicality, musicophilia and musicophobia; A Range of Musicality looks at musical oddities and musical synesthesia; Memory, Movement, and Music; and finally Emotions, Identity, and Music.  

BUY IT (Waterstones): Musicophilia by Oliver Sacks

  • Descartes’ Error: Emotion, Reason and the Human Brain” by Antonio Damasio £10.99 

A 1994 book by neurologist António Damásio, essentially focusing on the mind-body dualism. Damásio presents the "somatic marker hypothesis", a mechanism by which emotions guide (or bias) behavior and decision-making, also affirming that rationality requires emotional input. He argues that René Descartes' "error" was the dualist separation of mind and body, rationality and emotion.

BUY IT (Waterstones): Descartes' Error by Antonio Damasio

  • How the Mind Works” by Steven Pinker £12.99

A 1997 book by the Canadian-American cognitive scientist Steven Pinker, in which he attempts to explain some of the human mind's poorly understood functions and quirks in evolutionary terms. Pinker writes about subjects such as vision, emotion, feminism, and "the meaning of life". He argues for both a computational theory of mind and a neo-Darwinist / adaptationist approach to evolution (essential to evolutionary psychology according to Pinker).

BUY IT (Waterstones): How the Mind Works by Steven Pinker

  • Thinking Fast and Slow” by Daniel Kahneman £12.99

A best-selling book published in 2011 by Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences laureate Daniel Kahneman. This book summarizes research that Kahneman conducted over decades, often in collaboration with Amos Tversky. It covers the three main areas of his career: his early days working on cognitive biases, his work on prospect theory, and his later work on happiness. The central thesis is the dichotomy between two modes of thought: "System 1" is fast, instinctive, and emotional; "System 2" is slower, more deliberative, and more logical.

BUY IT (Waterstones): Thinking, Fast and Slow by Daniel Kahneman

  • An Anthropologist on Mars” by Oliver Sacks £9.99

A 1995 book by neurologist Oliver Sacks consisting of seven medical case histories or “paradoxical tales” of individuals with neurological conditions such as autism, amnesia and Tourette syndrome. This book also follows up on many of the themes Sacks explored in his earlier book, The Man Who Mistook His Wife for a Hat

BUY IT (Waterstones): An Anthropologist on Mars by Oliver Sacks

  • Synaptic Self” by Joseph LeDoux from £6.24

This book, written in 2003, has a critical story to tell: how the little spaces between the neurons—the synapses—are the channels through which we think, act, imagine, feel, and remember. They encode the essence of personality, enabling each of us to function as a distinctive and integrated individual. Synaptic Self explores incredibly diverse topics, such as the functioning of memory, the synaptic basis of mental illness and drug addiction, and the mechanism of self-awareness.

BUY IT (Amazon UK): Synaptic Self: How Our Brains Become Who We Are

  • Behave: The Biology of Humans at our Best and Worst” by Robert M. Sapolsky

£10.99

This 2017 book, essentially, is an attempt to answer the question: “Why do we do the things we do?” for good… and for ill, in the precise moment we do these things, and also going back in time to include the story of our species, its evolutionary legacy. Some of the concepts Sapolsky covers: tribalism, xenophobia, hierarchy and competition, morality and free will, war, and peace. 

BUY IT (Waterstones): Behave by Robert M. Sapolsky

  • In Search of Memory: the Emergence of a New Science of Mind” by Eric R. Kandel

£14.99

Memory binds our mental life together. We are who we are in large part because of what we learn and remember. But how does the brain create memories? Nobel Prize winner Kandel (2007)  writes on this science of the mind—a combination of cognitive psychology, neuroscience, and molecular biology—with his own personal quest to understand memory: a combination of memoir and history, modern biology and behavior, this book brings readers from Kandel's childhood in Nazi-occupied Vienna to the forefront of one of the great scientific endeavors of the twentieth century: the search for the biological basis of memory.

BUY IT (Waterstones): In Search of Memory by Eric R. Kandel

  • Hallucinations” by Oliver Sacks £9.99

A 2012 book written by the neurologist Oliver Sacks. In Hallucinations, Sacks recounts stories of hallucinations and other mind-altering episodes of both his patients and himself and uses them in an attempt to elucidate certain features and structures of the brain including his own headaches.

BUY IT (Waterstones): Hallucinations by Oliver Sacks

  • My Stroke of Insight: A Brain Scientist’s Personal Journey” by Jill Bolte Taylor £9.99

A 2008 New York Times bestselling and award-winning book written by Dr. Jill Bolte Taylor, a Harvard-trained and published neuroanatomist. In it, she tells her experience (1996) of having a stroke in the left hemisphere and how the human brain creates our perception of reality, including tips about how she “rebuilt” her own brain afterward.

BUY IT (Waterstones): My Stroke of Insight by Jill Bolte Taylor

  • This is your Brain on Music: The Science of a Human Obsession” by Daniel J. Levitin £9.99

A 2006 popular science book written by the McGill University neuroscientist Daniel J. Levitin: this book is an attempt of bringing together recent findings in the neuroscience of music and make them accessible to the general public. It describes the components of music (timbre, rhythm, pitch, and harmony) and ties them to neuroanatomy, neurochemistry, cognitive psychology, and evolution.

BUY IT (Waterstones): This is Your Brain on Music by Daniel Levitin

  • The Future of the Mind” by Michio Kaku £9.99

A 2014 popular science book written by the futurist and physicist Michio Kaku in which he discusses many possibilities of advanced technology that can alter the brain and mind. The book covers a wide range of topics, such as telepathy, telekinesis, consciousness, artificial intelligence, and transhumanism. In it, Kaku presents his "spacetime theory of consciousness".

BUY IT (Waterstones): The Future of the Mind by Michio Kaku

  • “The Mind’s Eye” by Oliver Sacks £9.99

A 2010 book by neurologist Oliver Sacks. This book contains case studies of some of his patients with limited ability to navigate the world visually and communicate with others. It also includes the author's own experience with cancer of the eye and his lifelong inability to recognise faces (i.e. prosopagnosia)

BUY IT (Waterstones): The Mind's Eye by Oliver Sacks

  • On Intelligence” by Jeff Hawkins £11.71

A 2004 book written by Palm Pilot-inventor Jeff Hawkins and New York Times science writer Sandra Blakeslee. The book explains Hawkins' memory-prediction framework theory of the brain and describes some of its consequences. Essentially, Hawkins believes creating true artificial intelligence will only be possible with intellectual progress in the discipline of neuroscience.

BUY IT (Amazon UK): https://www.amazon.co.uk/Intelligence-Understanding-Creation-Intelligent-Machines-ebook/dp/B003J4VE5Y/ref=sr_1_1?crid=3H0W579EC44H7&dchild=1&keywords=on+intelligence+jeff+hawkins&qid=1587928592&sprefix=on+intelligen%2Caps%2C138&sr=8-1

  • The Brain: The Story of You” by David Eagleman £9.99

“Locked in the silence and darkness of your skull, your brain fashions the rich narratives of your reality and your identity. Join renowned neuroscientist David Eagleman for a journey into the questions at the mysterious heart of our existence. What is reality? Who are “you”? How do you make decisions? Why does your brain need other people? How is technology poised to change what it means to be human?” (from eagleman.com)

BUY IT (Waterstones): The Brain by David Eagleman

  • Who’s in Charge? Free Will and the Science of the Brain” by Michael S. Gazzaniga £9.99

In this book, Michael Gazzaniga puts forward a powerful case against neurological determinism, arguing that, even given current insights into the physical workings of the brain, there is no reason to downgrade human free will or moral responsibility.

BUY IT (Waterstones): Who's in Charge? by Michael Gazzaniga

  • The Tale of the Dueling Neurosurgeons” by Sam Kean £9.99

A 2014 non-fiction science book regarding the brain and its functions, written by science reporter Sam Kean. The Daily Telegraph describes it as A dramatic account of the gruesome accidents that shaped modern neuroscience.  It includes stories of startling peculiarity, of neurological curiosities: phantom limbs, cannibalism, Siamese brains, and a plethora of other particular topics.

BUY IT (Waterstones): The Tale of the Duelling Neurosurgeons by Sam Kean

  • Brain Rules” by John Medina £11.99

Brain Rules: 12 Principles for Surviving and Thriving at Work, Home, and School was written by John Medina, a developmental molecular biologist and research consultant. It consists of 12 chapters that attempt to describe how our brains work. Each chapter demonstrates things scientists already know about the brain, and things we as people do that can affect how our brain will develop.

BUY IT (Amazon UK): https://www.amazon.co.uk/Brain-Rules-Updated-Expanded-Principles/dp/B00N53QZ8A/ref=sr_1_2?dchild=1&keywords=Brain+Rules%3A+12+Principles+for+Surviving+and+Thriving+at+Work%2C+Home%2C+and+School&qid=1587929598&sr=8-2

(a combination of GoodReads, Waterstones, WIkipedia, Amazon UK descriptions)

Diffusion Tensor Imaging

Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) is an MRI-based neuroimaging technique that enables the estimation of the location, orientation, and anisotropy of the brain’s white matter tracts.

Anisotropy = the property being directionally dependent (the contrary of isotropy). This implies different properties in different directions. (from Wikipedia)

The result is both mesmerising and colourful, as the following animation demonstrates:

Animation is from the Instagram account @neurosciencehub, www.instagram.com/neuroscience_hub

Electronic synapse

Researchers create an efficient artificial synapse with a new version of brain-like computing which could potentially “communicate with live neurons”. Instead of saving information to a hard-drive like normal computers, this artificial synapse remembers its programming and mimics learning in the same fashion as those within the brain – the signals that cross them. (press release via Technology Networks)

Refining the genetic causes of schizophrenia

30 August 2016

An international study involving UCL has made advances in understanding the ways in which genetic risk factors alter gene function in schizophrenia.

The study, published today in Genome Biology and funded by the Medical Research Council, combined genetic sequence information with measures of gene regulation in schizophrenia patients and matched controls.

Full story

Cannabis reduces short-term motivation to work for money

2 September 2016

Smoking the equivalent of a single ‘spliff’ of cannabis makes people less willing to work for money while ‘high’, finds a new UCL study.

The research, published in Psychopharmacology, is the first to reliably demonstrate the short-term effects of cannabis on motivation in humans. The researchers also tested motivation in people who were addicted to cannabis but not high during the test, and found that their motivation levels were no different to volunteers in the control group.

Full story

Science begins in the new Francis Crick Institute building

1 September 2016

The first scientists have moved into the new £650 million Francis Crick Institute building in London and are starting work in their purpose-built labs. Next to St Pancras station and the British Library, the Crick will be the biggest biomedical research institute under one roof in Europe.

Leading UCL researchers are among the first to move in, including Professor Nicholas Luscombe (UCL Genetics Institute) and Professor Jernej Ule (UCL Institute of Neurology). The Crick has been established through the collaboration of six founding partners: the Medical Research Council (MRC), Cancer Research UK (CRUK), Wellcome, UCL, Imperial College London and King’s College London.

Full story

Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research (MJFF)

The Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research (MJFF) is accepting pre-proposals across its three core funding programs. The application deadline is Wednesday, October 19, and MJFF funds both industry and academia. Learn more about each MJFF program supporting Parkinson's research on Trialect:
 
Target Advancement
Therapeutic Development
Biomarkers and Outcome Measures

 

2017 January Program - Alzheimer's Association International Research Grant Program Announcement

Letters of intent deadline: 26 September 2016

The Alzheimer's Association is excited to announce its International Research Grant Program Announcement for the 2017 January Program. Application procedures and key dates are now available, visit alz.org/grants for information regarding eligibility and requirements.

The Letter of Intent is now open and must be submitted online thru Proposal Central at http://proposalcentral.altum.com. Letters of intent must be received by 5:00 PM EASTERN STANDARD TIME, September 26, 2016.

Note: Eligibility and budget amounts have changed for some programs, please review details for each program in the full program announcement.

For more information:
Visit: alz.org/grants
Email: grantsapp@alz.org

2017 January Program Key Dates:

  • LOI is now open
  • LOI deadline – 5:00 PM Eastern, 26 September 2016
  • Application deadline - 5:00 PM Eastern, 11 November 2016
  • Award notification – 30 January 2017

 

 

Key mechanism behind brain connectivity and memory revealed

1 September 2016

Memory loss in mice has been successfully reversed following the discovery of new information about a key mechanism underlying the loss of nerve connectivity in the brain, say UCL researchers.

Published today in Current Biology, the study funded by Alzheimer’s Research UK, Parkinson’s UK, Wellcome, MRC and the EU investigated the mechanism driving communication breakdown in adult brains – specifically, the loss of connections between nerve cells in the hippocampus, an area of the brain that controls learning and memory. The team found Wnt proteins play a key role in the maintenance of nerve connectivity in the adult brain and could become targets for new treatments that prevent and restore brain function in neurodegenerative diseases.

Full story

 

Eye test may detect Parkinson’s before symptoms appear

18 August 2016

A new low-cost and non-invasive eye test could detect Parkinson’s disease before symptoms including tremors and muscle stiffness develop, according to new research in rats led by scientists at UCL.

Researchers at the UCL Institute of Ophthalmology have discovered a new method of observing changes in the retina which can be seen in Parkinson’s before changes in the brain occur and the first symptoms become evident.

Using ophthalmic instruments that are routinely used in optometrists and eye clinics, the scientists were able to use the new imaging technique to observe these retinal changes at an early stage.

Full story

Trial shows signs new Alzheimer's drug could benefit early-stage patients

1 September 2016

Dr Cath Mummery, head of clinical trials at the Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, was interviewed on BBC News and Channel 4 yesterday evening about the interim results of a Phase I study of adecanumab, a monoclonal antibody, reported in Nature.

Dr Mummery was not involved in the Phase I study but is now the Principal Investigator for the Phase III study being done at UCL Institute of Neurology on the back of these results. The sponsor is Biogen.

The study found a marked reduction in amyloid load using PET scans and confirmed the drug removes amyloid from brains of people with Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Full story